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The origins of golf are unclear and much debated. However, it is generally accepted that modern golf developed in Scotland during the Middle Ages. The game did not find international popularity until the late 19th century, when it spread into the rest of the United Kingdom and then to the British Empire and the United States. ==Origins== A golf-like game is, apocryphally,〔(Oorsprong van de verwarring ), KNKB Webmuseum〕〔Geert & Sara Nijs, (1297, Loenen aan de Vecht: Facts or fairy tale? ), 2009 September Golfika no. 4 (Magazine of the European Association of Golf Historians and Collectors)〕 recorded as taking place on 26 February 1297, in Loenen aan de Vecht, where the Dutch played a game with a stick and leather ball. The winner was whoever hit the ball with the least number of strokes into a target several hundred yards away. Some scholars argue that this game of putting a small ball in a hole in the ground using ''golf clubs'' was also played in 17th-century Netherlands and that this predates the game in Scotland. There are also other reports of earlier accounts of a golf-like game from continental Europe.〔(golf :: Scots as inventors: a popular fallacy - Britannica Online Encyclopedia )〕 In the 1261 Middle-Dutch manuscript of the Flemish poet Jacob van Maerlant's ''Boeck Merlijn'' mention is made of a ball game "mit ener coluen" (with a colf/kolf ()). This is the earliest known mention in the Dutch language of the game of colf/kolf as played in the Low Countries.〔Jacob van Maerlant, (''Boeck Merlijn'' ), 1261〕〔Geert & Sara Nijs, (750 Years 'Mit ener coluen' ), 2011 April Golfika no. 7 (Magazine of the European Association of Golf Historians and Collectors)〕 In 1360, the council of Brussels banned the game of colf: "... wie met colven tsolt es om twintich scell’ oft op hare overste cleet ..." (he who plays at colf pays a fine of 20 shillings or his overcoat will be confiscated).〔Jacques Temmerman, ''Golf & Kolf, zeven eeuwen geschiedenis'', 1993 ISBN 978-90-5349-082-2〕 In 1387, the regent of the county of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut, Albrecht of Bavaria, sealed a charter for the city of Brielle, in which it was forbidden to play any game for money. One of the exceptions to this ordinance was "den bal mitter colven te slaen buten der veste" (to play the ball with a club outside the town walls).〔Steven J. van Hengel, ''Early Golf'', 1982 ISBN 978-90-6010-725-6〕 Two years later, in 1389, the regent Albrecht offered the citizens of Haarlem a field called ‘De Baen’ (the course) to be used exclusively for playing games – especially colf – because these were too dangerous within the city walls.〔Robin Bargmann, ''Serendipity of Early Golf'', 2010 ISBN 978-90-816364-1-4〕 In 1597 the crew of Willem Barentsz played "colf" during their stay at Nova Zembla, as recorded by Gerrit de Veer in his diary: :''Den 3. April wast moy claer weder met een n.o. wint ende stil, doen maeckten wy een colf toe om daer mede te colven, om also onse leden wat radder te maeckten, daer wy allerley middelen toe zochten.''〔Gerrit de Veer, (''Waerachtighe beschryvinghe van drie seylagien, ter werelt noyt soo vreemt ghehoort'' ), (ed. Vibeke Roeper en Diederick Wildeman). Van Wijnen, Franeker 1997〕 :(The 3rd of April the weather was nice and clear with a north-easterly wind and quiet, then we made a colf () to play colf with, and thus make our limbs more loose, for which we sought every means) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「history of golf」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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